Sofía+Díaz+Esteban-Webquest

This page has been created by : Sofía Díaz Esteban

= = =WEB QUEST- ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS=

Its function (praying, celebrating mass or religious ceremonies vs meetings, official events) and the type of people who use it or the type of person who pays for it ( Pope or bishop vs Royal Family and nobles)
 * 1. What marks the differences between a civil and a religious building?**


 * 2. Make a list of the most important civil buildings and another of the most important religious buildings in the city that you can still see today.

Civil Buildings:** -La Casa y Torre de los Lujanes. -Plaza Mayor -Palacio de los Consejos -Museo de San Isidro

-Iglesia San Pedro el Viejo -Colegio Imperial de Los Jesuitas -Monasterio de San Jerónimo el Real -Parroquia de San Ginés -Basílica de San Andrés -Basílica de San Miguel -Capilla de San Isidro -Capilla del Obispo
 * Religious Buildings :**

(All these questions are answered together below)
 * Answer the following questions for each of the buildings that you mention on your list.**

4. What function did the religious buildings have? What were they used for? 5. Who ordered and paid for the construction of the civil buildings? Why? 6. Who ordered and paid for the construction of the religious buildings? Why?**
 * 3. What function did the civil buildings have? What were they used for?

__**Civil Buildings:**

La Casa y Torre de los Lujanes:__ It was where the king Louis Francis I of France lived while he was waiting for the Real Alcazar to be ready when he was caught in the Battle of Pavia. Later in the 19 th Century, it was 1 of the highest building in Madrid chosen to hold a telegraph. This house was ordered to be built by Álvaro Luján in 1494 for the Lujan Family to live in there.

__Plaza Mayor:__ It was built to hold public bullfighting, "autos de fe"(public manifestation of inquisition). It was also a square of arms. It was also used for trade. It originates from the 15th Century as the junction of diferent paths. In 1580, Philip II ordered Juan de Herrera to reform it because he moved the Court to Madrid.

__Museo de San Isidro:__ It was built for accommodation. It was ordered to be built by the family Lujanes because they wanted to live where they celebrated weddings, political events...

__Palacio de los Consejos:__ It was built on behalf Christopher Gómez de Sandoval-Rojas. This palace was designed by Francisco de Mora although its construction was directed by Captain Alonso Turillo. It was built for the accommodation of the nobles (for example the Dukes of Uceda), the Royal Family and Court people.

__**Religious Buildings:**

Iglesia de San Pedro el Viejo:__ Its origin is unknown.It was reform the archbishop of Brindis, Lorenzo Reinoso to be a parish. It was used to keep one of the most important religious images for the Catholics: Jesús, el pobre.

__Basílica de San Andrés:__ It is used to pray and to honor San Andrés. We don't know who built it, but it was paid by the Viceroyalty of Perú and Mexico together with the money provided by the town of Madrid and the king. It was built as a Christian Church in the Muslim Madrid.

__Basílica de San Miguel:__ Its function was to attend the needs of those who went to the Parish San Miguel de los Octoes. The origins of the first temple are unknown, this temple was burnt in a fire and a new church was paid to be build by the Cardenal Infante Luis Antonio de Borbon y Farnesio, archbishop of Toledo.

__Capilla de San Isidro:__ It was built to honor the Patron Saint of Madrid and hold the remains of San Isidro so that people would go there to pray and worship him. We don't know who ordered to build it but it was reform by Juan Gomez de Mora, first and then by the architect José de Villa Real. __Capilla del Obispo:__ King Alfonso VIII ordered to build it. This capel was constructed by Francisco de Vargas and his son Gutierre de Vargas ( bishop of Plasencia) to house the remains of San Isidro. The last phase of the complex restoration works were financed by Community of Madrid and directed by Javier Vellés.

__Colegio Imperial de Los Jesuitas :__ It was built to study grammar, retoric, and teology. It was founded by the Court of Feria, after Father Rivandeneyra proposed it.

__Monasterio de San Jerónimo el Real:__ First it was built for the monks of San Jerónimo but then, the monks asked to be moved to another Monastery because the Royal Family wanted to use the rooms and wanted to settle in the monatery. The Royal Family used the rooms to rest and meditate. The Catholic Monarchs ordered to build it in order to live there when they were in Madrid.

__Parroquia de San Ginés :__ It was built for the inhabitants of the Arsenal street to have a place to pray. This parish was ordered to be constructed by the architect Jose Luis Marín and it was built by José María Aguilar to have a church for people to pray together.

=**WEB QUEST-BIG QUESTION**=

1. In what ways society organized in Madrid during the Modern Age?**
 * Considering the buildings that you have studied, write a small composition (20 lines) in which you explain:
 * 2. What did the people who built the buildings hope to show with their structures?**
 * 3. What role did religion play in 16th and 17th century society? Was it a private and personal matter? Or, was it related to social status?**
 * Give your personal opinion, but support it using the buildings and exampled what you have studied to defend your ideas.**

During the Modern Age, society was still divided into three estates. The nobles and the clergy continued to be the privileged classes. They didn't pay taxes, they held the power and the most important positions in politics and religious matters, although they were a minority. The Third Estate was formed by manual workers ( such as peasants,craftsmen ... ) and a new social class: the Bourgeoisie, families of rich merchants and traders.

At that time, rich families such as the family Luján wanted to show how wealthy they were by constructing luxury houses, palaces, buildings... all of them designed by the best architectures ( for example Francisco de Mora or Juan de Herrera ), situated in the best zones of Madrid and decorated with piles of expensive carpets, pictures, statues... Some examples of these luxury buildings are " La Casa y Torre de Los Lujanes" and the "Museum of San Isidro". These two constructions were paid by Álvaro Luján ( where he and his family could live and celebrate weddings, political events ...) and situated in the village, where only noble families with a lot of money can afford to build a house there.

In the same way, the Clergy also showed how rich and powerful was the Church by building impressive churchs or monasteries (such as the Monastery of San Jerónimo el Real ). Religion was, a social issue ( related to the status ) that demostrates the power and wealth of the Church, and the Nobles or the Bourgeoisie. Rich people ( known as the patrons of the work) ordered the construction of basilicas, chapels ... dedicated to Saints (such as the "Basilica of San Andrés" or the "Parroquia de San Ginés" ) in order to demostrate their power and the money they had.

During the 16th and 17th Century, all the families with money competed to show which one was the most prestigious ordering the construction of great monuments, both, civil and religious ones. This situation benefits the artistic creation.