WebQuest+Leyre+Palomares

WebQuest Caza del Tesoro

Answers Leyre Palomares De La Revilla 3ºD


 * 1-** The differences we can find between civil and religious buildings are as follows:

- The civil buildings were used for hosing purposes (they acted as residences for rich merchants,very influential nobles families,duques,councils,kings...) they used to be luxury palaces restored every determined periods of time. There were some exceptions of buildings that don`t have that purpose (For example: The "Plaza Mayor" acted as the main market of the town and it gained a great importance in the 16th and 17th centuries because public acts, bullfighting and executions took place there).

-The religious buildings were contructed for porpouses related with god (pray,confess,forgive of god and the priest mass),each of them were constructed in honour of a god. This arquitectural structures as they have been created several centuries ago mixed techniques and styles from the year of their construction and the Barroco of the 17th cent.


 * (Annotation:This image have been created by Leyre Palomares)**


 * 3-** Answers to the Questions of each:

-What function did the civil buildings have? -What were they used for? -Who ordered and pay for the civil buildings?Why? -What function did the civil buildings have? -Who ordered and pay for the religiuos buildings?Why?
 * CIVIL BUILDING**
 * RELIGIOUS BUILDING**

-Alcázar Real de Madrid** At first in the 9th century it has a militar function it act as a musulman fortress to reinforce the defence. Later, the Trastamara dinasty choose it as residence of the Royal family.The commissioning of its expansión was made by Charles I, ordered by King Philip IV and carrid out by Juan Gómez de Mora. The tower was constructed at the 15th centurie and the same centurie the house was ordered to build by Álvaro Lujan. During the XVI and XVII centuries it was used as residence by Diego and Fernando of Lujan, the house was habited by the Lujan`s families until the 18th cent.After that in the 19th cent it was elected to be used as the place to set up one telegraph station between Madrid and Aranjuez. It was used as the main market of the town of Madrid betwen the 15th and the 17th centuries (it was the place were people trade, they buy and solt animals and products), and also is was elected as the scenary were public acts, bullfighting and public and it becames the square of public execution.It was constructed at the XV century but when the XVI century came, Philip III comand to Juan de Herrero to order its reconstruction(The complete of the reconstruction was made in two centuries,16th cent. carried out by Diego Sillero and 17th cent.carried out by Juan Gómez de Mora). At the begining of the XVI century, it was used as the court of Nunciatura. Later was purchased by the counts of Paredes and acted as their residence until the XIX century.It was ordered to built by The Lujanes family. It was used as Councils and kings Palace. Centuries in which it was habited by the followings councils and kings: -XVII century - Duque of Uceda -Queen Mariana of Austria - live there until her death. This building was ordered to built by Christopher Gómez de Sandoval-Rojas (Philip III favourite).The design was created by Francisco de Mora althought the construction was carrid out by Juan Gómez de Mora.
 * CIVIL BUILDING
 * -House and bridge of los Lujanes**
 * -Plaza Mayor (Main Square)**
 * -Museum of San Isidro**
 * -Palacio de los Consejos.**

-Church of San Pedro el viejo** In the 17th century the archbishop Lorenzo el reinoso order to rebuilt it.It is used for religious propourses (such as pray,confess,the forgive of god and the priest mass) as well as the rest of the churches that appeared in the Fuero of Madrid of the year 1202. Several centuries ago it was the christian church of the muslim Madrid.It is used to pray for God,the virgin and the Saints.The church was principally paid by the viceroyalties of Peru and México,but therefore,the villa of Madrid and tha King also contributed with some money. It was created for applied the term of Saint fair and shepherd with the figure of San Miguel.Several centuries ago it was constructed by Alfonso VIII but it was destroyed by a fire and some years later it was reconstructed by the order of Luis Jaime of Borbón and Farnesio (archbishop of Toledo),the reconstruction was carried out by Santigo Bonavia.The Opus Dei, is in charge of it since the XX century (to sum up it is a Temple of the Papal). It was created to represent the figure of the patron saint of Madrid.Also it was elected as the place in whitch the people were allowed to go there and pray and worship to his rests.Because of economic problems the construction of the chapel get stuck,but at the second half of the 17th century the work restart again, commanded by José of Villareal and carried out first by Juan of Lobera and later by Sebastian of herrera. It was created to store the rests of San Isidro until the Chapel of San Isidro was created.After that event it passed to be used only as a funeral chapel of the Vargas.The chapel receive the name of bishop because,some time later it store the rests of the bishop of Plasencia (Gutierre of Vargas).It was order to be built by Francisco of Vargas and Gutierre of Vargas his son, the complete work, in other words,its restoration was financed by the Community of Madrid with the direction of the architect Javier Vellés. It was constructed with the porpouse of teaching diferents knowledges to the children in Madrid (subjects like:grammar,rhetoric and theology).The proposal of creating it was made by the father Rivadeneyra,and the idea was accepted and carried out by the count of Feria. It was created to host the monks of San Jeronimo order at the banks of the Manzanares river because the Royal Family want to convert it in a place of relax.San Jeronimo was also used to celebrate weddings (such as for example the one between Alfonso XIII with Victoria Eugenia). It was founded by Enrique IV and it was translated to Madrid with Permission of the Catholic Monarchs. It was created to the residents of the street Arenal to allow them to practice their religion and pray to their God, without the necesity of a church.It was ordered to be built by an arquitect, Jose Luis Marín,directed by his brother the parish priest Jose Ignacio Marín Nuñez of Prado and later it was constructed by José María Aguilar that was the one that rebuilt it when it was destroyed by the fire.knowadays it is used to tourist that are interested in historic scultures and paints.
 * RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS
 * -Parish of San Andrés**
 * -Basilica of San Miguel**
 * -Chapel of San Isidro**
 * -Chapel of the bishop**
 * -Imperial School of the jesuits**
 * -Monastery of San Jeronimo el real**
 * -Parish of San Ginés**


 * Madrid in the 16th and 17th centuries**

The modern age is characterised to be a period full of changes,it covers the 16th,17th and 18th centuries, but we are going to focuss especially,in the situation of Madrid during the 16th and 17th centuries. During those centuries the society in Madrid, was still divided into three classes. As well as the previous periods we have seen,the nobles and the clergy althought they were in a smaller proportion,were the priviledge state.The church by that time was very wealty, priest,monks and bishops can afford to build great parishes and religiuos buildings without any problem (like for example the basilica of San Miguel,that wasn`t a really needed building, and its is considered to be one of the most relevants constructions of the baroque). Most of this constructions were designed by figures with a great arquitectural importance (The chapel of San Isidro for example was constructed by [|Juan Gómez de Mora] ).In the case of the nobles class, they also live luxuriously in the palaces they constructed to themselves and their families, where they spend large periods(this is the example of the house and bridge of the Lujans family ).They were so rich, because they occupied the higher positions, and they didn`t have to pay taxes.The Moder age also brought the emerge of a new social class the [|bourgeoisie], rich families who usually support kings and nobles families, and that little by little gained power in society.On the other hand, and the ones who live in a completely different situation,we have the peasants.The ones that are in Western Europe,and therefore were lucky,weren`t any more nobles serfs and become free,but on the other hand, we have those situated in Eastern Europe,were servitude continued. Basing on these facts, we can verify,that the people who owned a higher social status always tried to show their importance,power and wealth by the construction of enormous,precious and expensive buildings.Also they order the construction of this buildings to prestigious arquitecs in order to demonstrate they aren`t satisfied with a simple on. At the 16th and 17th centuries they gave a great importance to religion. The most important Gods and patron saints have their own parish or chapel (we have the examples of the parish of San Andrés in honour to saint Andrés and the chapel of San Isidro in honour of the saint patron of Madrid. Sometimes people have their religion secretly in order to avoid being executed,and other like the example of nobles that want to convert into the kings of a country made it public.The religion is of course related with social status, always non-privileged states are the ones whos religion is persecuted and always powerfull kings and queens always follow the same religion.